By akademiotoelektronik, 23/02/2023

The 30 inventions that revolutionized transport

TRANSPORTATION

During Antiquity, the horse was harnessed by a harness run at the neck.What bothered his breathing.During the Carolingian period, we had the idea of passing the effort point on the shoulders of the beast.A revolution.

1190: The compass

Developed in China, relayed by the Arabs ... The first mention of an instrument with a magnetized needle aligning on the magnetic field of the Earth is in "of the nature of things", of the encyclopedist Alexandre Neckam.Historians lose the north ...

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1250: The Rudder of Etombot

To maneuver a boat, at that time, it was necessary to row.A paver, one in a starboard.This part of structure is attached to the stern of the ship (at the back of the shell) and allows greater control of navigation.

1438: The lock in SAS

Doors created a minichute by which the boats slipped or on which they were pulled against the tide by a team.Then came Leonardo da Vinci, who invented the modern lock.The first was installed in 1438 in Milan.

1560: the carrier chair

1624: the submarine

Forget the 21st century military submersibles, profiles, high-tech.The one invented by the Dutch engineer Cornelius Drebbel, and which he slipped on the Thames, looked like a wooden shell.Propelled by trains, it only plunged ten feet underwater.

1712: the steam engine

French inventor Denis Papin had observed that, in a container closed by a lid, boiling water turned into gas.In 1712, starting from this principle, English Thomas Newcomen built the first pumps.

1783: the hot air balloon

We owe the aerostat to the Montgolfier brothers.A rooster, a sheep, a duck ... This is what the crew of the first populated flight was likely, in Versailles, in front of King Louis XVI.The first test with men took place shortly after.

>> En vidéo.The amazing Airbus flying car:

1797: the parachute

Léonardo da Vinci (still him) had imagined a 7-meter pyramid parachute, which a daredevil will not experience until 2008!The first real jump (from a ball) was that of André-Jacques Garnerin above Parc Monceau.

1804: the locomotive

The first steam loco was built by the Englishman Richard Trevithick, at the dawn of the industrial revolution.His machine towed on February 21, 1804, five wagons loaded with 70 men and 10 tonnes of iron, at an average speed of 8 km/h.

1817: the bicycle

"The Sitting Running Machine"!Thus was presented this funny two -wheeled vehicle, imagined by the German baron Karl Drais von sauerbronn.We will have to wait for the "Dandy Horse" in England to have an adjustable saddle, and 1839 for the pedals.

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1836: the propeller

Imagined by the Greeks and the Phoenicians, exploiting the principle of the Archimedes' screw, this type of propulsion had been forgotten.It was necessary that an Englishman, Francis Pettit Smith, accidentally broke a reduced propeller model to invent the more efficient bladder with blades.

1859: Derrick

On August 27, 1859, Colonel Drake was looking for a way to exploit black gold.Until then, we were content to dig trenches in the ground and to collect the thing in the drop."Crazy Drake" Fores a 21 meter well: the next day, it was the geyser.

1863: the metro

To unclog London from his horse cars, the notary Charles Pearson initiates an underground railway line, the Metropolitan Railway.The first 6.5 km section was inaugurated on January 10, 1863… with a steam locomotive.

>> En vidéo.Metro poster color, it's a real job:

1868: The tricolor lights

A simple gas lantern with red and green faces activated by hand by a police officer was placed at the crossroads of Bridge Street and Palace Yard in London.In 1920, to avoid too brutal changes, the orange was introduced.

1868: the motorcycle

Rather a motorized bicycle.Besides, his inventor, the Frenchman Louis-Guillaume Perreaux, called him "the velocipede at high speed".Nothing crazy, but enough for the time: 35 km/h.Daimler will launch his petroleum motorcycle in 1885.

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1882: the high voltage line

Today, they are part of the landscape (100.000 km of lines in France).The very first was born in Bavaria in 1882, between Munich and Miesbach, for 57 km.She will become a few decades later the best ally of the train.

1887: the tire

John Boyd Dunlop, a Scottish veterinarian, had a son.To strengthen the wheels of the tricycle of his child, he invents a rubber bandage, drawing inspiration in a very personal way to paddle his gloves.Bingo.The air chamber tire was born.

1903: the motor plane

We owe it to the Wright brothers, from Ohio, aware of their find and a bit paranos.After having a patent, they will require a commercial contract for each demonstration.Leading to real skepticism at the beginning, quickly swept away ...

1908: Ford T

The one that is affectionately nicknamed Tin Lizzie was the first car produced en masse (it took less than 1 hour 30 to assemble it).The Ford T was manufactured until 1927, at fifteen million copies, almost all identical.

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1924: the highway

As early as 1909, Autobahn, a quick 10 -kilometer road with separate tracks, had been built in a heath of sand in the suburbs of Berlin.But the first real highway was built to connect Milan to the Great Lakes region… with toll.

1935: the parking meter

In 1935, park in Oklahoma City was hell.We charge Carlton Magee, an employee within the Chamber of Commerce, to find a solution.Thus was born this funny box, July 16, which forces cars not to be parked indefinitely ...

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1939: the jet plane

Before, it was like in old black and white war films: propeller planes.Then, in August 1939, took off from Germany the Heinkel He 178, the first jet model (propelled forward by projecting a fluid in the back).

1953: Airbag

The patent was filed on August 18, 1953 by two engineers, then Ford and General Motors will test the inflatable cushion.However, he will first equip the rockets and lunar probes, before landing in our cars in 1973, in the Chevrolet.

1961: the first habited space flight

After the dog Laika, the first living being sent to space in 1957, the Russian Youri Gagarin will be the first man to make a space flight, the Vostok 1 mission, on April 12, 1961, for an exact duration.

>> En vidéo.The exploration of March in history:

1975: ULM

This is the key year when the first motorized ultralight planes are fuse on the French and American markets.Among the flagship models, let us quote the Mosquito 210 created by Roland Magallon.The success is immediate, it hovers for the ULM.

1995: GPS for all

As often, it was originally a research program for the American army.In 1995, 24 satellites issued their radio signals for civil use.And, in 2000, Bill Clinton authorized an unrestricted diffusion of satellite info.

2013: the unmanned plane

This day in May 2013, the British aircraft manufacturer Bae had a 19 -seat jet stolen from 800 kilometers… without pilot.Controlled from the ground, the toy is capable of adapting to the weather conditions and the trajectories of other flight devices.

2015: the autonomous car

Since summer 2015, Google Car, driver -free cars, has been circulating in California.And Tesla already offers an "automatic pilot" mode.But it is estimated that the market will not take off until 2020, with consumer models.

>> En vidéo.We explain the operation of the autonomous car:

By Gaël Le Bellego