Advocacy for an ethical artificial intelligence

By: Pr CHEMS EDDINE CHITOURECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE ALGER

What is artificial intelligence? It is according to the Wikipedia encyclopedia: “A set of theories and techniques developing complex computer programs capable of simulating certain traits of human intelligence (reasoning, learning… ). If the computerization of societies has continued to develop, if technologies have continued to improve, the question of the empowerment of citizens seems to arise today: if we have all become digital users, it However, it is not certain that we understand how the technologies we use work, nor the anthropological issues of this revolution. Compared to other technical revolutions, the digital transformation has occurred at an unprecedented speed, so that users often find themselves in the position of “addicts” to applications, particularly with smartphones. Meanwhile the Gafa do not stop with the big countries to install Data Centers which are the new pollution because of a huge amount of energy and the need for permanent cooling.

Some “prowess” promised by artificial intelligence AI applications are in all registers. Some are very useful. A major problem that humanity is experiencing and will increasingly experience is increasingly erratic climate change. “Global warming, writes Olivier, will have real and serious consequences on nature and on man. The worst is to be feared.” A survey by the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change analyzed 102,160 studies on topics related to global warming. More than 10,000 studies through the sieve of artificial intelligence 80% of the planet's surface will be affected by climate change, while 85% of the world's population will be affected. “The studies are mainly carried out in rich countries. The situation in Africa or Asia, where the consequences of global warming are most felt, is still very poorly documented” Augmented humans would eventually see their “mechanical and electronic” part outweigh their organic part. One could think after robots, chatbots of humanoid entities. Communication between humans and humanoids is not a real problem. True "syntheligence" would imply that the humanoid synthesizes, takes effective initiatives, goes beyond learned knowledge, programs itself and ultimately finds pleasure in it in communion with humans and being a safeguard to them with the human ethics that he would have registered and which would be for him the “red line not to cross”…

The unwanted unforeseeable consequences: the manipulation of the living Alongside the positive conquests of science, particularly in the medical field, we cannot fail to speak of the sorcerer's apprentices of the living in the absence of an ethics opposable to everyone; we saw it with the Chinese researcher who was able to create and deliver a baby using the Crisp Cas9 Swiss Army Knife technique to cut out pieces of DNA. Brave New World, a premonitory work written by Aldous Huxley, describes a future society divided into subgroups, according to their intellectual and physical abilities. Belonging to a group owes nothing to chance: it is the chemical treatments imposed on the embryos that direct them into one of the subgroups rather than another, influencing their development.

From the world of the Cold War to the unipolar world of the end of history It is necessary to know if humanity is committed without apprehending it towards a new enslavement with artificial intelligence. We will first explain how humanity has gone from the period of block politics to the world of the American hyper-power according to the good word of Hubert Védrine devoting in the words of Francis Fukuyama the ideologue of the Pentagon: “ the end of the story". In the recent history of the world, in fact, weak peoples have been dispossessed of their freedom, whatever the ideology of “isms” (liberalism, communism,) and even the attempt at religious discipline (Christianity, Judaism, Islamism) After the fall of the Soviet empire it was Reagan's triumph over the “evil empire”. Subsequently, Bush's speech after the second Gulf War consecrated the advent of the unipolar world. Nothing should stand in the way of the empire and its vassals whose ambition is to rule the world. It was the establishment under the aegis of a neoliberalism governed by an oligarchy, the establishment of instruments of control and control. (WB, IMF, WTO) for rolling mill globalization. If in addition there are “rogue” countries to hear “recalcitrant to the standard of the empire” the ICC and NATO are keeping an eye on the grain. Of course the United Nations is only there to organize meetings where six countries decide the fate of the world. Since then, cracks have been felt and it is accepted that the barycentre of the world will tilt towards Asia. The end of the story has not yet been recorded. By force of circumstances. We are heading towards a multipolar world which will face an unbridled artificial intelligence whose power we can fear and which is invading the world quietly. Going towards a science without ethics is a form of subjugation of the consenting human victim who is gradually stripped of his humanity gradually.

What to expect with an intelligence that governs the world? Humanity tossed about between social projects offers itself as a willing victim to the market which offers it, as it were written, ersatz free will. The following contribution goes precisely in the direction of global governance by those who hold human intelligence to master artificial intelligence. The future is always difficult to predict. Precisely, science seems to put all the camps in agreement by attacking what man has that is intimate and natural. The Gafa (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple) richer than dozens of African countries are inventing the future and investing in this vein.

“Nobody has a crystal ball, writes Tristan, to know how the world of tomorrow will be made. Several philosophers reflect on the future of humanity. One of the theories on this subject is called the 'singleton hypothesis' which boils down to global governance, carried out, why not, by an AI. According to Nick Bostrom, a teacher at the very prestigious English University of Oxford, the future should follow the so-called 'singleton' hypothesis. Behind this concept actually hides a world governed by a single entity, including in some cases, an AI. To support his point, the professor explains that man has always sought to come together under the yoke of larger and larger and more powerful entities. According to the philosopher, there is no reason for the story to end there. In the more or less near future, he believes that humanity will fall into a world under universal governance. Bodies already in place such as the United Nations or, on a lesser scale, the European Union, confirm this theory and show that a supra-state will is emerging. Pushing the explanation further, Bostrom explains that “the arms race could end under such governance. Without competition between different powers, no one would need weapons, which would drastically reduce violence. (…) But still, according to Bostrom, this standardization of the political powers of the planet could also put an end to colonialism and inequalities as a whole. A utopian idea which, again, has certain limits. Indeed, it is difficult to believe in this idea as the differences in resources are great in the four corners of the world. Men do not live in the same way in Europe as in the heart of the Sahara (...) Finally, in the most futuristic hypothesis where the government in place was controlled by an AI, then Bostrom theorizes that it would be possible to 'calculate' which future is best for humanity by analyzing all the possibilities. The AI, devoid of any empathy, could very well decide, like a Thanos in the Marvel universe, to annihilate half of the earth's population for the good of the remaining 50%”.(2)

What to do to avoid drifts? For the story, the memory of Deep Blue, the computer which beat Gary Gasparov, the world champion of chess games, remained alive and directly instilled mistrust. Thus, science is without qualms: “The artificial intelligence of Google Brain, AutoML, has just created an artificial intelligence more powerful than all those created by human beings until now. While this feat is impressive and will open up new technological possibilities, it also raises important ethical questions and raises concerns about the future of humanity.”One of the fiercest defenders of the human face at the machine is the great physicist Stephen Hawking who passed away recently. For many scientists artificial intelligence is perhaps more dangerous than nuclear weapons. You have to be very careful with technology. “Let's hope that we are not the biological charger of a digital super-intelligence”, said Elon Musk who, curiously, invested in the new Vicarious project, in collaboration with the CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckenberg. This project aims to develop an artificial intelligence and build a computer that thinks like a man, but which, according to the designer, does not need food or sleep. On the other hand, some people are, however, not afraid of the possible negative developments of artificial intelligence. According to Ray Kurzweill, the Facebook guru who promises that biological men will never be overtaken by computers. Man will indeed rise to a higher level thanks to artificial intelligence.

Conclusion It is true and it is the dark side of an uncontrolled science, for example, artificial intelligence is capable and by far of replacing human intelligence. The promises of science concerning the repaired man and the augmented man can if they are not framed by an ethical arsenal lead to the “manufacture of cyborg half-man half-machine, or even worse, the human creation of half-chimera -man half-animal. It comes that the genetic destruction of humanity for the benefit of a new humanoid species where the dimension will be more preponderant would perhaps be one of the causes of the disappearance of humanity since it appeared 10,000 years ago. We are not going to end on this sad note without showing a beautiful facet of the artificial intelligence which made it possible to complete Beethoven's unfinished Tenth Symphony. Indeed, Beethoven's unfinished Tenth Symphony is now a complete work... Thanks to the collaboration of musicians and artificial intelligence. A team of musicians, historians and scientists has completed the missing parts of Beethoven's Tenth Symphony, remaining as faithful to the composer's style as possible, revisiting his previous works. This means that we must embark with determination on this battle for knowledge and in this context the creation of the School of Artificial Intelligence and the School of Mathematics are important advances that must be welcomed. The key is not to trivialize and especially to put the means whatever the financial health of the country. These are our first immune defenses that it would be wise to complete at the Sidi Abdallah intelligence campus with the establishment, without delay, of the Energy Transition Institute (ITEER), which will guarantee our energy security. by 2030 by emerging from the top of the current energy intoxication.